pro forma

Thân thiện

The board held a pro forma vote to approve the minutes.

Definition

1. Adjective:
   • Done or produced as a matter of form or for the sake of formality; fulfilling a requirement but lacking genuine intent or substance.
2. Adverb:
   • In a way that is done as a formality; performed in a set or routine manner without serious attention or genuine feeling.

Examples

• Adjective:
  • The board required pro forma approval of the minutes from the previous meeting.
  • His attendance at the ceremony was merely pro forma; he left immediately after signing the register.
• Adverb:
  • The manager nodded pro forma as the suggestion was made, but it was clear he had no intention of acting on it.
  • She thanked him pro forma, her mind clearly elsewhere.

Advanced Usage

• In business and finance, a pro forma financial statement is a report based on hypothetical assumptions or projections, not on actual past results. It is prepared in advance to show the anticipated effects of a future transaction or event.
  • The company issued a pro forma earnings estimate for the next quarter following the merger announcement.

Variants and Related Words

• Pro forma invoice: A preliminary bill of sale sent to a buyer in advance of a shipment or delivery of goods, detailing the items and their expected costs.
  • The supplier sent a pro forma invoice so we could arrange for payment before shipment.

Synonyms

• Perfunctory (adj): Carried out with minimal effort or reflection; done merely as a duty.
• Formalistic (adj): Excessively concerned with prescribed forms and rituals.
• Ceremonial (adj): Relating to or used for formal ceremonies; can imply a lack of practical function.

Related Phrases

• As a formality: Done to comply with a rule or custom rather than out of necessity or conviction.
  • The interview was conducted as a formality, as he was already the chosen candidate.

Notes on Usage

• The term pro forma is often used to describe actions, documents, or events that are completed because they are required by protocol, tradition, or law, but which carry little real significance or are not expected to affect the actual outcome.
• It is a Latin phrase meaning "for the sake of form" and is typically written in italics in formal texts, though this styling is less common in everyday use.

Học thuật

Adjective

1. as a formality only
   • a one-candidate pro forma election

Adverb

1. in a set manner without serious attention
   • they answered my letter pro forma
   • he kissed her cheek perfunctorily

Từ đồng nghĩa

• perfunctory
• perfunctorily
• as a formality